\u2666 Yeni ku\u015fak, bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n deneyimlerinden faydalanabiliyor mu? \u2666 Bir ku\u015fak, kendisinden sonraki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 anlayabiliyor mu, onlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na adapte olabiliyor mu? Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halindeki bu iki soru, san\u0131yorum insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. KU\u015eAKLAR \u2666 Baby Boomers… 1946 – 1964 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 X Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 1965 – 1979 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 Y Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 1980 – 1994 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 Z Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 1995 – 2012 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 Alfa Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 2013 – 2025 Do\u011fumlular Bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fak, yeni ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n kendi deneyimlerinden yeterince faydalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 genellikle; “Bizim zaman\u0131m\u0131zda…” \u015feklinde ba\u015flayan c\u00fcmleyle \u015fik\u00e2yet eder. Yeni ku\u015fak, bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n kendilerini anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yana genellikle; “Zaman de\u011fi\u015fti, bizi anlam\u0131yorsunuz” \u015feklinde dert yanar. Buna da ‘Ku\u015fak \u00c7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131’ diyoruz… Bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fak, yeni ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu imk\u00e2nlar\u0131, yeterince verimli hale getirmedi\u011fini, \u00f6rne\u011fin; “Biz, hayata mum \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ders \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, \u00f6\u011frencilik y\u0131llar\u0131m\u0131zda ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k, kalfal\u0131k yaparak at\u0131ld\u0131k” \u015feklinde dile getirir. Yeni ku\u015fak ise dert yanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fin; “Biz, her alanda daha fazla rekabetin oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp hayata at\u0131ld\u0131k” diyerek ifade eder. REKLAM Bu \u015fik\u00e2yetler ve dert yanmalar b\u00f6yle s\u00fcr\u00fcp gider… Peki en \u015fansl\u0131 ku\u015fak ile en \u015fanss\u0131z ku\u015fak hangisidir? Bunun bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olmasa da bir ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n \u015fansl\u0131 ya da \u015fanss\u0131z olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, genellikle o ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hayata at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemin ekonomik, siyasi ve sosyal ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu ko\u015fullar, ki\u015filerin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 ve olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiler. Elbette do\u011fup, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer de bu konuda bir hayli etkendir. Buna g\u00f6re; her ku\u015fak, kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihi ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde \u015fanss\u0131z da oldu \u015fansl\u0131 da… Belli ba\u015fl\u0131 kriterleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran toplum bilimcilerin genel yarg\u0131s\u0131, en \u015fansl\u0131 ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ‘Baby Boomers’ oldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde… Bunun nedenini de bu ku\u015faktakilerin b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve hayata at\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n; ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme, istikrarl\u0131 i\u015fler, ucuz evler ve sosyal hareketlili\u011fin zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde olmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. En \u015fanss\u0131z ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n ise \u00f6nceki ku\u015faklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara ek olarak; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve ter\u00f6r tehdidinin k\u00fcresel bir sorun hale geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp, hayata at\u0131lan ‘Z Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131’ oldu\u011fu i\u015faret ediliyor. REKLAM Ayr\u0131ca; Z Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, dijital teknolojinin i\u00e7ine do\u011fmu\u015f olsa da bu durumun getirdi\u011fi baz\u0131 zorluklarla da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131. S\u00fcrekli ba\u011flant\u0131da olma durumu, siber zorbal\u0131k, sosyal medyan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 psikolojik bask\u0131lar ve bilgi kirlili\u011fi, bu ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131ndan. \u015e\u00fcphesiz meydana gelen b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar, ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmeler, b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve hayata at\u0131lma d\u00f6neminde ki\u015filerin hayatlar\u0131na ve hayata bak\u0131\u015f\u0131na olumlu veya olumsuz etkilerde bulunuyor. Bunlar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hangi ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n nelere \u015fahit oldu\u011funu, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 ve hayata bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen b\u00fcy\u00fck olaylar\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck geli\u015fmelerin neler oldu\u011funa bakal\u0131m. 1946 – 1964 ARASINDA YA\u015eANAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK OLAYLAR VE B\u00dcY\u00dcK GEL\u0130\u015eMELER (BABY BOOMERS KU\u015eA\u011eI) T\u00dcRK\u0130YE T\u00fcrkiye, tek partili rejimden \u00e7ok partili demokrasiye ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7 siyasi gerilimlerin t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ordunun y\u00f6netime el koydu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131yla ili\u015fkilerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi ve ekonomide \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131r. \u2022 I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan demokratikle\u015fme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m atarak \u00e7ok partili hayata ge\u00e7ti. Cel\u00e2l Bayar liderli\u011finde Demokrat Parti (DP) kuruldu. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihindeki ilk serbest se\u00e7imler yap\u0131ld\u0131. “Yeter! S\u00f6z milletindir!” slogan\u0131yla kampanya y\u00fcr\u00fcten Demokrat Parti, se\u00e7imleri kazand\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde ekonomide liberalle\u015fme politikalar\u0131 uyguland\u0131. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, NATO’ya (Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc) \u00fcye oldu. Bu, \u00fclkenin d\u0131\u015f politikas\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Bloku’na kesin bir y\u00f6neli\u015fin i\u015faretiydi. \u2022 27 May\u0131s 1960’ta T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, bir darbe yaparak y\u00f6netime el koydu. Darbenin ard\u0131ndan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes ve bir\u00e7ok DP milletvekili tutukland\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan Adnan Menderes, Hazine ve Maliye Bakan\u0131 Hasan Polatkan ile D\u0131\u015f \u0130\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Fatin R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Zorlu’nun idam edilmesi, T\u00fcrk toplumunda derin bir travma yaratt\u0131. 1961 Anayasas\u0131, daha \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc bir ortam\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7sa da, siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve darbeler silsilesi, bu d\u00f6nemin ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2022 K\u00f6yden kente g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131zlanarak \u015fehirlerin n\u00fcfusu artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu durum, alt yap\u0131 ve gecekondula\u015fma sorununu beraberinde getirdi. \u2022 Adana’n\u0131n Ceyhan ve Mu\u015f’un Varto il\u00e7esinde meydana gelen depremlerde; 883 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Demokrat Parti; 7 Ocak 1946'da Adnan Menderes, Cel\u00e2l Bayar, Refik Koraltan, Fuat K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu. D\u00dcNYA II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n sona ermesiyle yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurulurken, ‘So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’ d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi verdi\u011fi bu d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck teknolojik ilerlemeler ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 \u0130ngiliz Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Winston Churchill, ABD’de ‘Demir Perde’ konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yaparak Avrupa’n\u0131n ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 resmen ilan etti. \u2022 ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harry Truman, ‘Truman Doktrini’ni a\u00e7\u0131klayarak kom\u00fcnizmle m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in Yunanistan ve T\u00fcrkiye’ye askeri ve ekonomik yard\u0131mda bulunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. \u2022 Kuzey Atlantik Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (NATO) kuruldu. \u2022 1950 – 1953 aras\u0131nda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n ilk s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7en Kore Sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 Do\u011fu Bloku \u00fclkeleri, NATO’ya kar\u015f\u0131 Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131’n\u0131 kurdu. \u2022 Fidel Castro \u00f6nderli\u011findeki K\u00fcba Devrimi ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131. K\u00fcba F\u00fcze Krizi, ABD ile SSCB’yi n\u00fckleer bir sava\u015f\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi. Bu kriz, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n en gergin anlar\u0131ndan biri oldu. \u2022 Berlin Duvar\u0131’n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131 ve Do\u011fu – Bat\u0131 Almanya aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m belirginle\u015fti. \u2022 Hindistan, \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131 ancak Hindu ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfusun ayr\u0131lmas\u0131yla Hindistan ve Pakistan olarak ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc. \u2022 \u0130srail Devleti kuruldu. Bu durum, Arap – \u0130srail sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu. \u2022 \u0130lk bilgisayarlardan biri olan ENIAC tan\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, ilk yapay uydu olan Sputnik 1’i uzaya f\u0131rlatt\u0131. Bu olay, ABD ile SSCB aras\u0131ndaki ‘Uzay Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 Sovyet kozmonot Yuri Gagarin ile insano\u011flu, ilk kez uzaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u2022 ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 John F. Kennedy suikast sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 John F. Kennedy, 22 Kas\u0131m 1963'te Dallas gezisi s\u0131ras\u0131nda u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 suikastte hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Suikast ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok bilinmeyen aradan ge\u00e7en 62 y\u0131la ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemedi. REKLAM 1965 – 1979 ARASINDA YA\u015eANAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK OLAYLAR VE B\u00dcY\u00dcK GEL\u0130\u015eMELER (X KU\u015eA\u011eI) T\u00dcRK\u0130YE T\u00fcrkiye’de siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ekonomik krizlerin ve sa\u011f-sol \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu y\u0131llar, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin K\u0131br\u0131s sorunu nedeniyle uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde kritik bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131na geldi\u011fi zamand\u0131r. \u2022 S\u00fcleyman Demirel liderli\u011findeki Adalet Partisi (AP), tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara geldi. Bu d\u00f6nemde sanayile\u015fme ve altyap\u0131 projeleri h\u0131zland\u0131. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye’de ilk televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131 31 Ocak 1968’de ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2022 12 Mart 1971’de T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, h\u00fck\u00fcmete muht\u0131ra vererek Demirel h\u00fck\u00fcmetini istifaya zorlad\u0131. Bu olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kurulan teknokrat h\u00fck\u00fcmetler d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131 ve siyasi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131. \u2022 \u00d6zellikle 1974 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, sa\u011f ve sol gruplar aras\u0131ndaki ideolojik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar t\u0131rmand\u0131. Sokak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve suikastlar d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu \u015fiddet olaylar\u0131, \u00fclkeyi siyasi ve sosyal kaosa s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. \u2022 Yunanistan’daki cunta y\u00f6netiminin K\u0131br\u0131s’ta darbe yapmas\u0131 \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye, 20 Temmuz 1974’te adaya, askeri harek\u00e2t ba\u015flatt\u0131. Harek\u00e2tla, K\u0131br\u0131s’taki T\u00fcrklerin can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131. \u2022 1973 Petrol Krizi’nin etkisiyle T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fad\u0131. Y\u00fcksek enflasyon, d\u00f6viz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fsizlik h\u0131zla artt\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetler, bu sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmekte zorland\u0131. \u2022 1970’lerin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir siyasi parti tek ba\u015f\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuracak \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015famad\u0131. Bu durum, Milliyet\u00e7i Cephe ve CHP – MSP koalisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k s\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmesine ve siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden oldu. \u2022 Adapazar\u0131, Mu\u015f’un Varto ve K\u00fctahya’n\u0131n Gediz il\u00e7elerinde meydana gelen depremlerde; 3.569 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Televizyonun ilk yay\u0131ndan birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra evlerin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131 antenlerle donand\u0131. D\u00dcNYA So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n en yo\u011fun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerinin hissedildi\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeyde sosyal hareketlerin y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu y\u0131llar, ayn\u0131 zamanda Uzay Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n zirveye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ekonomik krizlerin d\u00fcnya g\u00fcndemine oturdu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemdir. \u2022 Vietnam Sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. ABD’nin sava\u015fa do\u011frudan m\u00fcdahalesiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar \u015fiddetlendi. Sava\u015f\u0131n toplumda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkiler ve protestolar, \u00f6zellikle ABD’de b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal ve politik \u00e7alkant\u0131lara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sava\u015f, 1975’te Kuzey Vietnam’\u0131n zaferiyle ve Vietnam’\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle sona erdi. \u2022 6 G\u00fcn Sava\u015flar\u0131’nda \u0130srail; M\u0131s\u0131r, Suriye ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn’e kar\u015f\u0131 galip gelerek Gazze, Bat\u0131 \u015eeria, Sina Yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve Golan Tepeleri’ni i\u015fgal etti. Bu durum, Ortado\u011fu’daki gerilimi daha da t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131. \u2022 Prag Bahar\u0131’nda \u00c7ekoslovakya’da sosyalizmde reform yapma \u00e7abas\u0131, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin askeri m\u00fcdahalesiyle son buldu. Bu olay, Sovyet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Do\u011fu Bloku \u00fczerindeki mutlak kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc bir kez daha g\u00f6sterdi. \u2022 M\u0131s\u0131r ile \u0130srail aras\u0131ndaki Yom Kippur Sava\u015f\u0131 ile ba\u015flayan petrol krizi, k\u00fcresel boyutta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik durgunlu\u011fa ve enflasyona yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Ayetullah Humeyni liderli\u011findeki \u0130slami devrim, ABD destekli \u015eah R\u0131za Pehlevi’yi devirerek \u0130ran’da bir \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti kurdu. \u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesi, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131 yeni bir boyuta ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 alanda b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkilere neden oldu. Aya ilk insanlar ula\u015ft\u0131. ABD’li astronot Neil Armstrong, Ay’a ilk ayak basan insan oldu. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, Uzay Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131’nda ABD’yi \u00f6ne ge\u00e7irirken insanl\u0131k tarihinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. \u2022 Intel taraf\u0131ndan ilk ticari mikroi\u015flemci olan 4004 \u00fcretildi. Bu geli\u015fme, modern bilgisayar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131. \u2022 \u0130lk sivil Concorde u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 ba\u015flarken ses h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde seyahat m\u00fcmk\u00fcn hale geldi. ABD'li astronotlar; Neil Armstrong ile Buzz Aldrin 20 Temmuz 1969'da Ay y\u00fczeyine ini\u015f yapan ilk insanlar oldu. \u0130ni\u015ften 6 saat sonra 21 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc 01.56'da Armstrong, ay y\u00fczeyine ad\u0131m atarak bu konuda da bir ilki ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. REKLAM 1980 – 1994 ARASINDA YA\u015eANAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK OLAYLAR VE B\u00dcY\u00dcK GEL\u0130\u015eMELER (Y KU\u015eA\u011eI) T\u00dcRK\u0130YE T\u00fcrkiye’de hem siyasi hem de ekonomik anlamda k\u00f6kl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu y\u0131llar, askeri darbe sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan istikrar aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, liberalle\u015fme politikalar\u0131yla ekonomiyi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n ve ter\u00f6r olaylar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem oldu. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130stanbul’daki Bo\u011faz k\u00f6pr\u00fcleri ve otoyollar gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck altyap\u0131 projeleri tamamland\u0131. K\u00f6yden kente g\u00f6\u00e7 h\u0131zlanarak, \u015fehirler b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam etti. Bu y\u0131llar, T\u00fcrkiye’nin siyasette ve ekonomide k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ve toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. \u2022 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1980’de, Kenan Evren liderli\u011findeki T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetleri, artan siyasi \u015fiddet ve anar\u015fi ortam\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek y\u00f6netime el koydu. Siyasi partiler kapat\u0131ld\u0131, liderler tutukland\u0131 ve siyasi faaliyetler yasakland\u0131. S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ilan edildi. \u2022 Darbe sonras\u0131 ilk serbest se\u00e7imler, 1983’te yap\u0131ld\u0131. Turgut \u00d6zal liderli\u011findeki Anavatan Partisi (ANAP), se\u00e7imleri kazanarak tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara geldi. \u00d6zal d\u00f6nemi, T\u00fcrkiye’de liberalle\u015fme ve serbest piyasa ekonomisi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zla uygulanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu. \u0130hracata dayal\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme modeli benimsendi. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 uyguland\u0131 ve d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Bu politikalar, ekonomiyi d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7arken t\u00fcketim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. \u2022 PKK, ilk silahl\u0131 eylemini 15 A\u011fustos 1984’te ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu olay, T\u00fcrkiye’nin G\u00fcneydo\u011fu b\u00f6lgesinde uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrecek bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve ter\u00f6r sorununu ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 Irak’\u0131n Kuveyt’i i\u015fgaliyle ba\u015flayan Birinci K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131’nda T\u00fcrkiye, ABD liderli\u011findeki koalisyon g\u00fc\u00e7lerini destekledi. Bu sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Irak’\u0131n kuzeyinde olu\u015fan otorite bo\u015flu\u011fu, PKK’n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesine zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. \u2022 1990’da ilk \u00f6zel televizyon kanal\u0131 olan Magic Box yay\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fme, T\u00fcrk toplumunun medyaya eri\u015fiminin \u00e7e\u015fitlenmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Erzincan, Erzurum’un Horasan, Kars’\u0131n Sar\u0131kam\u0131\u015f il\u00e7elerinde meydana gelen depremlerde; 1.808 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Turgut \u00d6zal; 1989 – 1989 aras\u0131nda ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k, 1989 -1993 aras\u0131nda isi cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlerini y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. D\u00dcNYA Bu d\u00f6nem, d\u00fcnya tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck jeopolitik de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden birine sahne oldu: So\u011fuk Sava\u015f’\u0131n sona ermesi ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131. Bu y\u0131llar ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli teknolojik ilerlemelerin ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu d\u00f6nem, eski dengelerin y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yeni bir d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin \u015fekillendi\u011fi, tarihte \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f evresi olarak yerini ald\u0131. \u2022 Polonya’da, Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa liderli\u011findeki Dayan\u0131\u015fma Sendikas\u0131 kuruldu. Bu, Do\u011fu Bloku’ndaki kom\u00fcnist rejimlere kar\u015f\u0131 ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck halk hareketi oldu. \u2022 Mihail Gorba\u00e7ov, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Kom\u00fcnist Partisi’nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘Glasnost’ (A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k) ve ‘Perestroyka’ (Yeniden Yap\u0131lanma) politikalar\u0131, Sovyet rejiminin sonunu getiren s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 Berlin Duvar\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Almanya aras\u0131ndaki seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131n kalkmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bu olay, Almanya’n\u0131n yeniden birle\u015fmesinin ve Do\u011fu Avrupa’daki kom\u00fcnist rejimlerin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sembol\u00fc haline geldi. \u2022 Almanya yeniden birle\u015fti. Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Almanya, 45 y\u0131ll\u0131k ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan birle\u015ferek tek bir devlet haline geldi. \u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi resmen da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Rusya Federasyonu dahil olmak \u00fczere 15 yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi sona erdi ve ABD d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek s\u00fcper g\u00fcc\u00fc konumuna y\u00fckseldi. \u2022 Saddam H\u00fcseyin liderli\u011findeki Irak’\u0131n, yeni kurulan \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti’ni devirmek amac\u0131yla \u0130ran’a sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla 8 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u0130ran – Irak Sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Sava\u015f, petrol krizine yol a\u00e7arken sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 enflasyonun k\u00fcresel boyutta artmas\u0131na neden oldu. \u2022 Irak’\u0131n Kuveyt’i i\u015fgal etmesi \u00fczerine ABD liderli\u011findeki \u00e7ok uluslu bir koalisyon, ‘\u00c7\u00f6l F\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 Harekat\u0131’ ile Irak g\u00fc\u00e7lerini Kuveyt’ten \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131yla K\u00f6rfez Sava\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte Yugoslavya’da da i\u00e7 sava\u015flar patlak verdi. H\u0131rvatistan, Bosna-Hersek ve Kosova’da etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve soyk\u0131r\u0131mlar ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde \u00c7ernobil n\u00fckleer santrali kazas\u0131 meydana geldi. Bu felaket, k\u00fcresel bir \u00e7evre krizi yaratt\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer enerjiye olan g\u00fcveni sarst\u0131. \u2022 Hubble Uzay Teleskobu, y\u00f6r\u00fcngeye yerle\u015ftirilerek uzay ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 World Wide Web (WWW), CERN’de halka a\u00e7\u0131k hale getirildi. Bu geli\u015fme, internetin geni\u015f kitlelere yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde Hutu milisleri, tarihe Ruanda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7en sald\u0131r\u0131larda yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 bin Tutsi ve \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 Hutu’yu katletti. Hubble Uzay Teleskobu, g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi boyuncu insano\u011flunun ufkunu geni\u015fleten ke\u015fiflerde bulundu. REKLAM 1995 – 2012 ARASINDA YA\u015eANAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK OLAYLAR VE B\u00dcY\u00dcK GEL\u0130\u015eMELER (Z KU\u015eA\u011eI) T\u00dcRK\u0130YE T\u00fcrkiye’nin siyasi istikrars\u0131zl\u0131k ve ekonomik krizlerle m\u00fccadele etti\u011fi, k\u00f6kl\u00fc siyasi de\u011fi\u015fimlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ne \u00fcyelik s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu y\u0131llar, teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin de toplumsal ya\u015fam\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir evredir. Bu d\u00f6nem, T\u00fcrkiye’nin siyasi istikrar aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, ekonomik krizlerle m\u00fccadelesinin ve Avrupa entegrasyonu s\u00fcrecindeki kritik ad\u0131mlar\u0131n damga vurdu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir \u2022 28 \u015eubat 1997’de, Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu’nun h\u00fck\u00fcmete verdi\u011fi bir dizi karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Necmettin Erbakan istifa etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Ordu taraf\u0131ndan sivil siyasete yap\u0131lan bu m\u00fcdahale, siyasi tarihe ‘Postmodern Darbe’ ve ’28 \u015eubat S\u00fcreci’ olarak ge\u00e7erken Refah Partisi’nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Siyasi gerilimlerle birlikte bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki sorunlar, T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir krize neden oldu. T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 deval\u00fce edildi ve IMF ile stand-by anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzaland\u0131. \u2022 2001 krizinin ard\u0131ndan Kemal Dervi\u015f liderli\u011finde bir ekonomik reform program\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bankac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yeniden d\u00fczenlendi ve enflasyonla m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131. \u2022 Bir\u00e7ok koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ard\u0131ndan, 2002 genel se\u00e7imlerinde Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi (AKP) tek ba\u015f\u0131na iktidara geldi. Bu sonu\u00e7, 1987’den sonra ilk kez tek partinin h\u00fck\u00fcmet kurmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelirken, T\u00fcrk siyasetinde yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 Abdullah G\u00fcl’\u00fcn cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilmesi tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Genelkurmay, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hedef alan bir a\u00e7\u0131klamada bulunsa da h\u00fck\u00fcmet buna kar\u015f\u0131 durdu. Bu olay, asker-sivil ili\u015fkilerindeki dengenin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finin bir g\u00f6stergesi oldu. \u2022 Askeri darbecilerin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131yan bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi referandumla kabul edildi. \u2022 \u0130nternet kafeler yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131ken cep telefonlar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi. \u00d6zellikle 2000’lerin sonuna do\u011fru ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar ve sosyal medya T\u00fcrkiye’de de pop\u00fclerlik kazand\u0131. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, 2005’te AB ile tam \u00fcyelik m\u00fczakerelerine resmen ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, siyasi ve hukuki reformlar\u0131 beraberinde getirdi. \u2022 Van ve Kocaeli’nin G\u00f6lc\u00fck ve D\u00fczce il\u00e7elerinde meydana gelen depremlerde 18.969 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. 17 A\u011fustos 1999'da meydana gelen G\u00f6lc\u00fck Depremi, toplumda derin yaralar a\u00e7t\u0131. D\u00dcNYA \u0130nternetin k\u00fcresel bir fenomen haline geldi\u011fi, ter\u00f6rizmin uluslararas\u0131 siyasete y\u00f6n verdi\u011fi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yeni bir biny\u0131la ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecidir. Bu y\u0131llar, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninin \u015fekillendi\u011fi, teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin ya\u015fam\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi ve k\u00fcresel krizlerin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemi kaps\u0131yor. \u2022 Dayton Antla\u015fmas\u0131: Eski Yugoslavya’da Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 resmen bitiren antla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. \u2022 11 Eyl\u00fcl Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131’nda El Kaide ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, New York’taki D\u00fcnya Ticaret Merkezi’ne ve Pentagon’a d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sald\u0131r\u0131larla yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 bin ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu. Bu olay, ABD’nin ‘Ter\u00f6re Kar\u015f\u0131 Sava\u015f’ ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u00fcresel bir m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. ABD ve m\u00fcttefikleri, 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na misilleme olarak El Kaide’yi bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Taliban rejimini devirmek amac\u0131yla Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. \u2022 ABD liderli\u011findeki koalisyon, Irak’\u0131n kitle imha silahlar\u0131 bulundurdu\u011fu iddias\u0131yla \u00fclkeyi i\u015fgal etti ve Saddam H\u00fcseyin rejimini devirdi. Saddam H\u00fcseyin idam edildi. \u2022 ABD’de ba\u015flayan konut kredisi krizi, d\u00fcnya ekonomisini sarsan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir resesyona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u2022 Siyasi kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 ve daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik e\u015fitlik getirece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki beklentilerle ‘Arap Bahar\u0131’ adl\u0131 alt\u0131nda Tunus’ta ba\u015flayan protesto dalgas\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Orta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika’ya yay\u0131larak bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede rejim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 isyanlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 askeri m\u00fcdahalelerle desteklenen ‘Arap Bahar\u0131’nda beklentiler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmezken Suriye, Irak, Libya ve Yemen’de i\u00e7 sava\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 Microsoft Windows 95 piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu da ki\u015fisel bilgisayarlar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131. \u2022 Google, Facebook, YouTube kuruldu. Apple taraf\u0131ndan ilk iPhone tan\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar\u0131n ve mobil teknolojinin y\u00fckseli\u015fi ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2022 Wikipedi yay\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2022 Bitcoin’in yarat\u0131lmas\u0131yla kripto para birimlerinin temeli at\u0131ld\u0131. \u2022 Kyoto Protokol\u00fc imzaland\u0131. K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma hedefi konuldu. \u2022 Hint Okyanusu’nda meydana gelen deprem ve sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan tsunami, 14 \u00fclkede 230 binden fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan olaylar, k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta bir bilgi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 aralad\u0131, ter\u00f6rizmle m\u00fccadele anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n siyasi haritas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden \u015fekillendirdi. 11 Eyl\u00fcl sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na; 2.977 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. REKLAM 2013 – 2025 ARASINDA YA\u015eANAN B\u00dcY\u00dcK OLAYLAR VE B\u00dcY\u00dcK GEL\u0130\u015eMELER (ALFA KU\u015eA\u011eI) T\u00dcRK\u0130YE Bu y\u0131llar, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f siyasette \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131na sahne olurken, \u00fclkenin y\u00f6netim sistemi de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nem, T\u00fcrkiye’nin hem i\u00e7 politikada hem de uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde istikrar\u0131 yeniden tan\u0131mlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u2022 \u0130stanbul’daki Gezi Park\u0131’nda ba\u015flayan protestolar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede h\u00fck\u00fcmet kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir harekete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. G\u00fcnlerce s\u00fcren eylemler, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00f6d\u00fcn vermemesiyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. \u2022 15 Temmuz 2016’da Fetullah\u00e7\u0131 Ter\u00f6r \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’ne (FET\u00d6) ba\u011fl\u0131 bir grup asker, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir darbe giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Olay\u0131n ard\u0131ndan geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 tutuklamalar ve tasfiyeler ya\u015fand\u0131. Darbe giri\u015fimi, halk\u0131n deste\u011fiyle engellendi. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye’nin y\u00f6netim sistemi, yap\u0131lan anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi referandumuyla Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmet Sistemi’ne ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lk kez yeni y\u00f6netim sistemiyle yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, T\u00fcrkiye’nin ilk y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkili cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ildi. \u2022 T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye\u2019deki i\u00e7 sava\u015fta s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla 2016’dan itibaren ‘F\u0131rat Kalkan\u0131’, ‘Zeytin Dal\u0131’ ve ‘Bar\u0131\u015f P\u0131nar\u0131’ gibi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 askeri operasyonlar d\u00fczenledi. \u2022 \u0130stanbul Havaliman\u0131, Osman Gazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ve Marmaray gibi devasa altyap\u0131 projeleri tamamland\u0131. Bu projeler, ula\u015f\u0131m ve ticaret alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck kolayl\u0131klar sa\u011flad\u0131. \u2022 PKK ve I\u015e\u0130D gibi ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi bombal\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, 2015 – 2016 aras\u0131nda \u00fclkeyi derinden etkiledi. \u2022 Pandemi, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye’de de uzun s\u00fcreli kapanmalara, 264 bin ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Sosyal medyan\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla ‘Sosyal medya ya\u015fam\u0131’ yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok ‘Sosyal medya fenomeni’nin takip\u00e7ilerinin yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirmelerinin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u2022 \u0130zmir, Elaz\u0131\u011f’\u0131n Sivrice ve Bal\u0131kesir’in S\u0131nd\u0131rg\u0131 il\u00e7elerinde ve 11 ili etkileyen ‘Asr\u0131n Felaketi’ olarak nitelendirilen Kahramanmara\u015f depremlerinde; 53.654 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Kahramanmara\u015f Depremleri, toplumda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaran\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ve ekonomiye yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyar dolarl\u0131k y\u00fck binmesine neden oldu. Osmangazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, 1 Temmuz 2016'da Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00dcNYA K\u00fcresel salg\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelerin hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. \u2022 Rusya’n\u0131n K\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131 \u0130lhak\u0131: Rusya, Ukrayna’ya ait olan K\u0131r\u0131m Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131 ilhak etti. Bu olay, So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131 Avrupa’daki en ciddi toprak anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu ve Bat\u0131 \u00fclkelerinin Rusya’ya yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u2022 Ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc I\u015e\u0130D, Irak ve Suriye’nin geni\u015f b\u00f6lgelerini ele ge\u00e7irerek bir ‘Hilafet’ ilan etti. Uluslararas\u0131 bir koalisyonun m\u00fcdahalesiyle \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn elindeki topraklar geri al\u0131nd\u0131. \u2022 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, Brexit Referandumu ile Avrupa Birli\u011fi’nden ayr\u0131lma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Bu karar, Avrupa ve k\u00fcresel siyaset i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu. \u2022 Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’y\u0131 \u0130\u015fgali, Rusya, Ukrayna’ya kar\u015f\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir askeri operasyon ba\u015flatt\u0131. Bu i\u015fgal, II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan bu yana Avrupa’da g\u00f6r\u00fclen en b\u00fcy\u00fck askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma oldu ve k\u00fcresel enerji, g\u0131da ve ekonomi dengelerini k\u00f6kten etkiledi. \u2022 \u0130srail – Hamas Sava\u015f\u0131, Gazze \u015eeridi’nde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir insani krize yol a\u00e7arken on binlerce Filistinli ya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ya da a\u00e7l\u0131ktan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Bu durum g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de t\u00fcm \u015fiddetiyle devam ediyor. \u2022 Orta Do\u011fu’daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan, \u00f6zellikle de Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan ka\u00e7an milyonlarca s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131, Avrupa’ya do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. \u2022 Paris \u0130klim Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile d\u00fcnyadaki hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 2 santigrat derecenin alt\u0131nda tutmak amac\u0131yla tarihi bir iklim antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. \u2022 \u00c7in’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan koronavir\u00fcs, h\u0131zla d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131larak COVID-19 Pandemisi ad\u0131 verilen k\u00fcresel bir salg\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken d\u00fcnya genelinde milyonlarca insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u00dclkeler, kapanmaya giderken k\u00fcresel ekonomide b\u00fcy\u00fck bir durgunluk ya\u015fand\u0131. \u2022 K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 sel ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, k\u00fcresel boyutta bir hayli artt\u0131. \u2022 Yapay zek\u00e2 ve makine \u00f6\u011frenimi, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc tan\u0131ma, do\u011fal dil i\u015fleme gibi alanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydetti. \u2022 Hollywood’da ba\u015flayan #MeToo Hareketi; cinsel taciz ve istismara kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnya genelinde geni\u015f yank\u0131 buldu. \u2022 Elon Musk’\u0131n kurucusu oldu\u011fu SpaceX, Falcon Heavy gibi roketleri ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde f\u0131rlatarak uzay ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin rol\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131. \u2022 Facebook, Google ve Apple gibi teknoloji devlerinin k\u00fcresel ileti\u015fim, ticaret ve siyaset \u00fczerindeki etkisi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fanan olaylar, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 hem fiziksel hem de dijital olarak yeniden \u015fekillendirirken, k\u00fcresel i\u015fbirli\u011finin ve yerel sorunlar\u0131n ne kadar i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. \u2022 Sosyal medyan\u0131n \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7ler \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015flarken, baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bu konuda yasaklamalar ba\u015flad\u0131. 186 bin a\u011fa\u00e7 kurtar\u0131ld\u0131 Haberi G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcle<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u2666 Yeni ku\u015fak, bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n deneyimlerinden faydalanabiliyor mu? \u2666 Bir ku\u015fak, kendisinden sonraki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 anlayabiliyor mu, onlar\u0131n hayat\u0131na adapte olabiliyor mu? Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halindeki bu iki soru, san\u0131yorum insanl\u0131k tarihi kadar eskidir. KU\u015eAKLAR \u2666 Baby Boomers… 1946 – 1964 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 X Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 1965 – 1979 Do\u011fumlular \u2666 Y Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131… 1980 – 1994 Do\u011fumlular […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":2241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[203,204,206,205],"class_list":["post-2238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-magazin-foto-galeri","tag-kusak-catismasi","tag-turkiye","tag-uzay","tag-z-kusagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2238"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2242,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2238\/revisions\/2242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2241"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daktilock.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}